Indonesian Culture

Indonesian culture is part of Indonesian art. Indonesian culture is the whole national culture, local culture, and the culture of foreign origin that has existed in Indonesia before Indonesia's independence in 1945. Based on TAP MPR number II 1998: national culture based on Pancasila is the embodiment of creativity, work and initiative of Indonesia and is an overall effort to develop Indonesian human dignity as a nation, as well as directed to provide insight and meaning to the national development in all areas of national life.

Indonesia music culture is like keroncong that use ukulele as main instruments. There is sasando from East Nusa Tenggara and angklung from West Java, and many more.

Talk about Indonesian dance culture, over the last few years, Saman from Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam has become more popular and is often portrayed on TV. Reog Ponorogo is also a dance that originated from Ponorogo district, East Java, which is a visualization of the story Wengker legendary kingdom and the kingdom of Kediri. A popular line dance called Poco-poco from Indonesia and also popular in Malaysia, but in early April 2011 Malaysian Muslim clerics ban poco-poco dance for Muslims because they believe it is a Christian and that traditional dance steps that make a mark cross.

About Indonesian sculpture, Indonesia has a long history of stone, bronze and iron age art. Megalithic statues can be found in various archaeological sites in Sumatra, Java to Sulawesi. Indonesian native tribes have their own distinct style of tribal sculpture, usually made ​​to describe the ancestors, gods and animals.

Padang House

For centuries, the Indonesian vernacular architecture has shaped settlements in Indonesia roomates commonly took the form of timber structures built on stilts dominated by large roof. The most dominant foreign Influences on Indonesian architecture were Indian, although European Influences have been particularly strong since the 19th century and modern architecture in Indonesia is international in scope..
 

Theater

Theater is derived from the Greek word theatron, which means "a place for viewing". Theater is another term for drama. theater is the process of selecting the text or script, the cultivation, presentation or performance and process understanding or enjoyment of the public or the audience (to readers, listeners, viewers, observers, critics or researchers). The process of becoming is called procedural drama theater. Theater can be interpreted in two ways: in a narrow sense and in a broad sense. Theater in the narrow sense is a drama (the story of human life told on stage, the crowd witnessed and based on the written text). In a broad sense, theater is all spectacle performed in front of crowds of people puppets example, kethoprak, ludruk and others.

There is all elements in the theater:
1. Script or scenario - contains the name of the character and the story of spoken dialogue.
2. Player - a person who plays a certain character. There are three types of players, the main role, supporting role and additional roles or extras. In movies or soap operas, the player is usually referred Actress for women, and Actor for men.  
3. Film director - the person who leads and set up a manufacturing engineering or theater performances.
4. Property - a necessary equipment in theater. For example chairs, tables, robots, space decoration, decorations, etc.

All workers associated with theater performances, among others: 
1. Makeup is a way of playing the character mendadndani players in the theater to make it more convincing. 
2. Dressmaking is setting clothes's players who want to support the state. For example other schools with dress clothes daily. 
3. Lighting is the lighting stage. 
4. Sound is setting loudspeakers.

Dance

dance in pairs

Dance is part of arts, it is a rhythmic body movements performed in a specific time and place for the purpose of relationships, feelings, intentions, and thoughts. Sounds called music accompaniment dancers dance regulate movement and strengthen intention to convey. Dance is different movements from everyday movements such as running, walking, or gymnastics. 

solo dance

  Based on the type of dance choreography, there are :
1. Solo Dance - performed by dancers, both men and women.
2. Dance in pairs (duet / pas de Duex) - performed by two people in pairs
3. Dance group (Group choreography)- exhibited more than two people.


In most ancient civilizations, dancing for the god is an important element in temple ritual. In Egypt the priests and priestesses, accompanied by harps and pipes, perform stately movements which mime significant events in the story of a god, or imitate cosmic patterns such as the rhythm of night and day. Another ritual for example in Egyptian funerals, women dance to express the grief of the mourners.

dancing for god

Another story Dionysiac on ancient Greece about dances. Villagers, after harvesting the grapes, celebrate the occasion with a drunken orgy in honor of Dionysus, god of wine (whose Roman name is Bacchus). Their stomping makes a favorite scene on Greek vases; and dancing women of this kind, whose frenzy even sweeps them into an act of murder,

Music

Music is a sound which organized in such a way that it contains rhythms, songs, and harmony especially noise generated from tools that can produce sounds. Music is a very unique phenomenon that can be produced by several musical instruments. Hear the music is a kind of entertainment.

Music is known since the presence of modern humans Homo sapiens that is about 180,000 to 100,000 years ago. There is no man who knows when the first known art and music. From archaeological discoveries at sites such as the African continent about 180,000 years to 100,000 years ago have shown changes in the evolution of the human brain thinking, so music have been found on that period.
In life on the move, they probably got the inspiration to take the leg bone dry game that became their food and then blow it out and make a sound. There is also an inspiration when observing nature with a wood or bamboo blow cavities that emit sound. Wood furnace and a hole formed ancient flute.
In life on the move, primodial man probably got the inspiration to take the leg bone dry game that became their food and then blow it out and make a sound. There is also an inspiration when observing nature with a wood or bamboo blow cavities that emit sound. Wood furnace and a hole formed ancient flute.

Humans express their feelings of fear and joy using sounds. Play around with their sound into a song, hymn or poem inspired by the songs of small birds chirping. Wood and rock hard hit to bring exciting sounds and rhythms. Maybe they accidentally knocked a hollow tree trunk in it with a stick that emits strong. They used animal skins as clothing placed too close to the timber cavity into the drum.

Sculpture

wood carving

Sculpture is one kind of arts. Sculpture been one of the most important forms of documenting the human experience throughout history. the act of using hands or use basic sculptural tools to craft art has been found in most ancient civilizations, ranging from the Roman Empire to the Mayan and Inca empires in the Americas, as well as isolated tribes in Polynesia and deep in the Amazon jungle.

pottery

Sculpture have many types, there are wood carving, pottery, glass, metal, and stone. Sculpture for the first time use stone. Because in ancient period there are many stone. 


Sculpture has been central in religious devotion in many cultures, and until recent centuries large sculptures, too expensive for private individuals to create, were usually an expression of religion or politics. Those cultures whose sculptures have survived in quantities include the cultures of the Ancient Mediterranean, India and China, as well as many in South America and Africa.

stone sculpture

Modernist sculpture movements include Cubism, Geometric abstraction, De Stijl, Suprematism, Constructivism, Dadaism, Surrealism, Futurism, Formalism Abstract Expressionism, Pop Art, Minimalism, Land art, and Installation art among others.
In the early days of the 20th century, Pablo Picasso revolutionized the art of sculpture when he Began creating his constructions fashioned by combining Disparate objects and materials into one constructed piece of sculpture; the sculptural equivalent of the collage in two dimensional art.

Visual Art - Drawing

Drawing is a form of visual expression and is one of the major forms within the visual arts. Methods of drawing are line drawing, stippling, tracing, and shading. And there are 3 categories of drawing, including figure drawing, cartooning and doodling.

Brush drawing
Include figure drawing

Drawing formed form a sketch. The sketch is a quick, unrefined drawing.
It is not known when art or drawing was established. Sketches and painting already found since prehistoric times, that can find in the cave and rock. Since 14th century, each century has produced artist that known until now through their works, like Donatello, Michaelangelo, Jules Paskin, Peter Paul Rubens, etc.
The basic tools for drawing are drawing board or table, Pencil Sharpener and eraser, and for ink drawing, and also blotting paper. Different from painting that use bit or more water as a media, drawing use a dry media.
Painting include drawing. Painting is a mode of creative expression, and the forms are numerous. Drawing, composition or abstraction and other aesthetics may serve to manifest the expressive and conceptual intention of the practitioner. Abstract is the one painting work that can't resulting from just drawing.

Visual Art - Photography

Photography?
Photography is derived from the Greek words photos (light) and graphein (to draw) The word was first used by the scientist Sir John F.W. Herschel in 1839. It's mean recording images by the action of light. Recording images able in 2 ways, first is a light-sensitive material such as photographic film, second is electronically by means of an image sensor.

photographic film

Functions of photography:
Photography is used by amateurs to preserve memories, to capture special moments, to tell stories, to send messages, and as a source of entertainment. High speed photography allows for visualizing events that are too fast for the human eye. Photography also use for security.

First camera photography (1820s):

Obscura Camera

In the first decades of the 19th century, photography (by way of the camera) judged can capture  more than detail information, better than statues or painting, which at that time painting and sculpting are the daily activities.
Camera for the first time introduced by the French inventor Nicéphore Niépce. Then he give the name "obscura camera" for his invention.

Digital photography:
In 1981, Sony introduced new products, the camera use a charge-coupled device for imaging, eliminating the need for film: the Sony Mavica. While the Mavica saved images to disk, the images were displayed on television, and the camera was not fully digital. In 1991, Kodak unveiled the DCS 100, the first commercially available digital single lens reflex camera. Although its high cost precluded uses other than photojournalism and professional photography, commercial digital photography was born. That model of the camera to this day is still circulating in the community.